1: Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2007 Mar 15;67(4):1155-62. Epub 2007 Feb 2. Irradiation promotes Akt-targeting therapeutic gene delivery to the tumor vasculature. Sonveaux P, Frerart F, Bouzin C, Brouet A, Dewever J, Jordan BF, Gallez B, Feron O. Unit of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Universite Catholique de Louvain Medical School, Brussels, Belgium. Purpose: To determine whether radiation-induced increases in nitric oxide (NO) production can influence tumor blood flow and improve delivery of Akt-targeting therapeutic DNA lipocomplexes to the tumor. Methods and Materials: The contribution of NO to the endothelial response to radiation was identified using NO synthase (NOS) inhibitors and endothelial NOS (eNOS)-deficient mice. Reporter-encoding plasmids complexed with cationic lipids were used to document the tumor vascular specificity and the efficacy of in vivo lipofection after irradiation. A dominant-negative Akt gene construct was used to evaluate the facilitating effects of radiotherapy on the therapeutic transgene delivery. Results: The abundance of eNOS protein was increased in both irradiated tumor microvessels and endothelial cells, leading to a stimulation of NO release and an associated increase in tumor blood flow. Transgene expression was subsequently improved in the irradiated vs. nonirradiated tumor vasculature. This effect was not apparent in eNOS-deficient mice and could not be reproduced in irradiated cultured endothelial cells. Finally, we combined low-dose radiotherapy with a dominant-negative Akt gene construct and documented synergistic antitumor effects. Conclusions: This study offers a new rationale to combine radiotherapy with gene therapy, by directly exploiting the stimulatory effects of radiation on NO production by tumor endothelial cells. The preferential expression of the transgene in the tumor microvasculature underscores the potential of such an adjuvant strategy to limit the angiogenic response of irradiated tumors. PMID: 17276618 [PubMed - in process] Related Links Antitumor effects of in vivo caveolin gene delivery are associated with the inhibition of the proangiogenic and vasodilatory effects of nitric oxide. [FASEB J. 2005] PMID:15623570 Modulation of the tumor vasculature functionality by ionizing radiation accounts for tumor radiosensitization and promotes gene delivery. [FASEB J. 2002] PMID:12397083 Akt/protein kinase B and endothelial nitric oxide synthase mediate muscular neovascularization induced by tissue kallikrein gene transfer. [Circulation. 2004] PMID:15364809 Hsp90 and caveolin are key targets for the proangiogenic nitric oxide-mediated effects of statins. [Circ Res. 2001] PMID:11701613 Irradiation-induced angiogenesis through the up-regulation of the nitric oxide pathway: implications for tumor radiotherapy. [Cancer Res. 2003] PMID:12615716